Comparative pathogenicity of Vibrio spp., Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae and five isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Juvenile Atlantic halibut (~100 mg, Hippoglossus hippoglossus) were exposed to Vibrio proteolyticus, a Vibrio spp. isolate, Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae and five different isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes via an hour‐long bath immersion to ascertain their variation in pathogenicity to this fish species. Results were analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Analysis of the data from challenges using A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes revealed three survival values of zero and a spread of values from 0 to 28.43. Challenges using a Vibrio spp isolate, V. proteolyticus and P. damselae resulted in Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of 31.21, 50.41 and 57.21, respectively. As all bacterial species tested could induce juvenile halibut mortalities, they must all be considered as potential pathogens. However, the degree of pathogenicity of A. salmonicida is isolate dependent.     

Modelling and simulation of rotary feed spreaders with application to sea cage aquaculture – A study of common and alternative designs

Rotary feed spreaders are extensively used in large scale fish aquaculture and are tasked with distributing pelletized feed in a spatially uniform manner over the water surface. Questions have been raised with respect to the performance of classical spreader designs regarding the size and uniformity of the covered area as well as their inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This study presents a robotic model of rotary spreaders with experimental validations. Classic rotary spreaders are simulated as well as two alternative designs in the form of a spreader releasing pellets at an optimal initial ballistic angle and a motorized version to increase throw length and provide a more spatially homogeneous surface feed distribution. The alternative designs both yielded improved surface coverage without the need of higher conveying airspeed which may lead to increased pellet attrition. In addition, the motorized design may be used to position pellets at a given location within the sea cage, such as into the wind and current so that pellets can reside inside the sea cage for a prolonged period of time. The presented model may be of interest to researchers and equipment manufacturers who desire to explore performance of a given spreader design.     

Fillet Quality and Processing Attributes of Postsmolt Atlantic Salmon,Salmo salar,Fed a Fishmeal‐free Diet and a Fishmeal‐based Diet in Recirculation Aquaculture Systems

Many studies have evaluated the adequacy of alternate ingredient diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, mainly with focus on fish performance and health; however, comprehensive analysis of fillet quality is lacking, particularly for salmon fed these diets in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS). To this end, a study was conducted comparing fillet quality and processing attributes of postsmolt Atlantic salmon fed a fishmeal‐free diet (FMF) versus a standard fishmeal‐based diet, in replicate RAS. Mean weight of Atlantic salmon fed both diets was 1.72 kg following the 6‐mo trial and survival was >99%. Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) processing and fillet yields, whole‐body proximate composition(fat, moisture, protein), fillet proximate composition, cook yield, fillet texture, color, or omega‐3 fatty acid fillet content, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels. Whole‐body ash content was greater in salmon fed the FMF diet. The FMF diet resulted in a wild fish‐in to farmed fish‐out ratio of 0:1 per Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch criteria due to its fishmeal‐free status and use of lipids from fishery byproduct. Overall, fillet quality and processing attributes were generally unaffected when feeding a diet devoid of fishmeal to postsmolt Atlantic salmon cultured in RAS. [Correction added on 7 September 2017, after first online publication: the P value in Abstract has been changed from “P < 0.05” to “P > 0.05”.].     

Development of a continuous cell line from larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its use in the study of the microsporidian,Loma morhua

In vitro cell culture methods are crucial for the isolation, purification and mass propagation of intracellular pathogens of aquatic organisms. Cell culture infection models can yield insights into infection mechanisms, aid in developing methods for disease mitigation and prevention, and inform commercial‐scale cultivation approaches. This study details the establishment of a larval cell line (GML‐5) from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its use in the study of microsporidia. GML‐5 has survived over 100 passages in 8 years of culture. The line remains active and viable between 8 and 21°C in Leibovitz‐15 (L‐15) media with 10% foetal bovine serum and exhibits a myofibroblast phenotype as indicated by immuno‐positive results for vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I and S‐100 proteins, while being desmin‐negative. GML‐5 supports the infection and development of two microsporidian parasites, an opportunistic generalist (Anncaliia algerae) and cod‐specific Loma morhua. Using GML‐5, spore germination and proliferation of L. morhua was found to require exposure to basic pH and cool incubation temperatures (8°C), in contrast to A. algerae, which required no cultural modifications. Loma morhua‐associated xenoma‐like structures were observed 2 weeks postexposure. This in vitro infection model may serve as a valuable tool for cod parasitology and aquaculture research.     

中国西南地区玉米产量对基础地力和施肥的响应

【目的】明确西南地区土壤基础地力与不同施肥措施对玉米产量的影响,以期为西南玉米种植区土壤培肥以及合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】依据2006年以来在西南地区布置的508个玉米田间试验,选取不施肥对照(CK)、氮磷(NP)、氮钾(NK)、磷钾(PK)、氮磷钾(NPK)5个处理,测定玉米产量和养分吸收分析了西南地区玉米基础地力产量和地力贡献特征、玉米施肥产量反应和农学效率。采用直线拟合和边界线分析评价玉米种植区土壤基础地力与玉米施肥产量及产量差的关系;用稳定性指数和可持续性指数评估了基础地力状况对施肥产量稳定性和可持续性的影响。【结果】西南地区玉米基础地力产量在3.9-4.7 t·hm~(-2)(平均为4.4 t·hm~(-2));施肥能显著提高玉米产量,施肥(NPK)区平均产量为7.7 t·hm~(-2),比基础地力产量平均增产3.3 t·hm~(-2),边界线分析结果表明,重庆、四川、贵州的施肥高产潜力分别为11.5、12.7、12.6 t·hm~(-2)(平均为11.7 t·hm~(-2))。玉米产量的地力贡献率和肥料贡献率平均分别为57.1%和42.9%;玉米地力贡献率随着基础地力产量的提升而增加。西南地区肥料对玉米的增产效果表现为氮肥磷肥钾肥。重庆、四川、贵州及整个西南地区玉米现实生产力与基础地力拟合直线决定系数分别达0.356、0.393、0.448和0.434(P0.0001);随着基础地力的提升,玉米施肥产量差降低,产量的稳定性和可持续性增加。【结论】在西南地区,提高土壤基础地力可以提升玉米的施肥产量,提高产量的稳定性和可持续性,降低产量差,减少玉米对肥料的依赖性,促进西南地区玉米的高产稳产。     

Development and application of molecular methods (PCR) for detection of Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus

Molecular (PCR) diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of aquareovirus in general, and Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus (TSRV) specifically, were developed, and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined and compared with virus isolation in cell culture. Intralaboratory and interlaboratory comparison of PCR (conventional hemi‐nested RT‐PCR & RT‐qPCR) and virus isolation in cell culture using finfish cell lines, CHSE‐214 and EPC, was carried out for the detection and identification of TSRV using field samples of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, L. from various aquaculture sites around Tasmania. The interlaboratory comparison of diagnostic methods was carried out between two laboratories, AAHL‐CSIRO and DPIPWE‐Tasmania. A total of 144 fish from nine sites (12–33 fish per site) were sampled from two regions of Tasmania (Tamar River estuary in the north and Huon River estuary in the south‐east) during late spring to early summer of 2009, and the data were analysed using different statistical approaches. The prevalence of TSRV ranged from 6% to 22% in both regions. All the diagnostic methods (data from both laboratories) had high specificity, while the estimated sensitivity varied between tests with RT‐qPCR being the most sensitive (95.2%) method followed by virus isolation and then conventional hemi‐nested RT‐PCR.     

干旱气候变化对西南干旱河谷农业的影响及适应性对策研究

在干旱气候变化情境下,西南干旱河谷生态环境的脆弱性和发展滞后,会进一步强化其农业不利的发展环境。为改变干旱河谷农业资源独特但利用粗放的现实,需妥善处理好资源开发与生态环境的关系,明确干旱河谷农业适应干旱气候变化的原则。文章最后提出发展现代草地畜牧业、加强特色农业与农业产业化建设、注重生态农业开发、构建现代农业节水技术推广体系、大力发展服务＂三农＂的第三产业和因地制宜,进行水利设施基础建设和可再生能源开发的西南干旱河谷农业适应性对策建议。     

1990～2010年上海海洋大学发表中文论文统计分析

以清华同方的《中国期刊全文数据库》和《中国引文索引》为统计工具,对上海海洋大学1990～2010年发表的论文进行统计分析。其论文发表量在逐年增加;论文主要以水产渔业、食品学科为主;论文平均被引次数超过5次,最高被引频次的论文绝大多数为水产渔业学科论文。     

《西南林学院学报》高被引论文统计分析

以《西南林学院学报》2002—2006年高被引论文为研究对象,统计分析作者群等相关指标。结果表明：该刊5年的高被引论文中,内稿比例虽然较高,但总体呈下降趋势;国家级基金论文的比例有所提高;作者的地域分布有所扩大,但以高校的作者为主;作者合著率平均为86.7%;在学科分布上,林业基础学科、园艺、生物学等所占比例较高。